4 of Spades

James Small

James Small, in the Scottish ‘Borders’, scientifically developed the plow. He focused on the wooden moldboard profile that he later produced in cast iron. The principles of plow making that Small incorporated into his ‘Swing’ or ‘Chain Plough’ by 1765 were key to the ‘Agricultural Revolution’ and by the 1780s were widely adopted in Europe and North America.